Abin da ficewar Mali da Nijar da Burkina Faso ke nufi ga Kungiyar ECOWAS.
Kungiyar ta ECOWAS ta dade tana nanata bukatar samar da maslaha a tsakanin kasashenta ta hanyar sulhu da diflomasiyya.
Daga Mubarak Aliyu
A lokacin da aka kirkiri Kungiyar Raya Tattalin Arzikin Kasashen Yammacin Afirka wato ECOWAS a shekarar 1975, babban makasudin assasa ta shi ne raya tattalin arzikin kasashen kungiyar tare da hadin kai da taimakon juna a harkokin da suka shafi siyasa da tsaro da cigaba.
Kungiyar ta ECOWAS ta dade tana nanata bukatar samar da maslaha a tsakanin kasashenta ta hanyar sulhu da diflomasiyya.
Amma duk da haka, a wasu lokutan, Kungiyar ECOWAS takan yi amfani da sojoji musamman domin wanzar da zaman lafiya.
Sai dai ba a taba samun inda amfani da sojin ya kawo baraka a kungiyar ba kamar wanda aka samu na Jamhuriyar Nijar ba.
Tun bayan da Kungiyar ECOWAS din ta sanar da yiwuwar amfani da karfin soji a Nijar, sai kasashen Mali da Burkina Faso, wadanda suma suke karkashin mulkin soja, kuma suke karkashin takunkumi da aka kakaba musu, suka hada kansu domin shirin ko-ta-kwana domin taimakon kansu da zarar sojojin ECOWAS sun afka musu, inda hadakar ta haifar da Kungiyar Alliance of Sahel States wato AES.
Idan aka yi la'akari da kokarin ECOWAS wajen samar da maslaha a kasashen da aka yi juyin mulki da shiga tsakani idan sun shiga matsalolin siyasa, me ke nan ya jawo wannan barakar, har kasashen nan na AES suka balle?
Takunkumi masu tsauri
Bayan juyin mulkin Nijar na Yulin 2023, ECOWAS ta kakaba takunkumi masu tsauri a kan kasar, da nufin tursasa wa masu juyin mulkin su dawo da mulkin dimokuradiyya a karkashin mulkin Shugaban Kasa Mohamed Bazoum.
Takunkumin, wadanda gwamnatin sojin ta bayyana da "rashin tausayi" sun haifar da matsalar harkokin kasuwanci, da hauhawar farashin kayayyakin masarufi da magunguna da rashin wutar lantarki.
Matakan sun matukar shafar harkokin fararen hula, wanda hakan ya jawo wa ECOWAS bakin jini da rasa dimbin masoya wadanda suke goyon bayan juyin mulkin.
Sannan kekashewar masu juyin mulkin ya kuma kara ta'azzara lamarin, inda sojojin suka kalubalanci matakan a kotu.
Bayan takunkumin, ECOWAS ta yi barazanar yin amfani da karfin soji wajen dawo da hambararren Shugaban Kasa Bazoum, barazanar da ta sa Mali da Burkina Faso suka yi alkawarin ba Nijar gudunmuwa.
Wannan hadakar ta soji ce ta zama tubalin da ya haifar da kafa Kungiyar AES, wanda ya kunshi karfafa juna a kan tsaro da siyasa da tattalin arziki a tsakanin kasashen uku.
Wannan matsalar ta nuna cewa baraka na kara fadada a tsakanin kasashen yankin. Hoto: Others
Wani dalilin da ya sa ECOWAS ta yi barazanar amfani da karfin soji domin dawo da mulkin dimokuradiyya shi ne karfin gwiwar da ta samu daga Tarayyar Turai, da sauran kasashen duniya masu karfi, musamman Faransa da Amurka.
Matsalar tsaro
Jamhuriyar Nijar na da babbar rawar da take takawa a yaki da 'yan bindiga da sauran masu tada kayar baya, wanda suma Faransa da Amurka ke matukar kaunar ganin an kawo karshensu.
Faransa tana dogaro ne da Uranium da take samu daga Nijar, wanda take amfani da kashi 70 din shi wajen samar da wutar lantarki.
Lura da harkokin kasuwanci da tsaro da kasashen Faransa da Amurka ke da su a Nijar, a fili yake kasashen za su so a yi amfani da karfin soji da ECOWAS ke shirin yi musamman ganin maslaha ta ki samuwa ta hanyar diflomasiyya.
Ana kallon ECOWAS a matsayin kungiya 'yar amshin shatar kasashen Yamma, maimakon mayar da hankali wajen hada kan kasashenta.
Kakaba takunkumi da kuma barazanar amfani da karfin soji, da kiyayyar da ake wa Faransa a kasar suna cikin abubuwan da suka kawo baraka a ECOWAS, wanda yanzu kuma ya jawo ballewar Mali da Burkina Faso da Nijar din.
Duk da cewa ECOWAS ta dakatar da yunkurin amfani da karfin soji, an riga an sa zare tsakanin ECOWAS da AES, domin sabuwar kungiyar na zargin ECOWAS da zama 'yar amshin shatar kasashen Yamma.
Shigar kasashen Yamma cikin lamarin
A daidai lokacin da ake ganin kasashen ECOWAS na amshin shatar kasashen Yamma, su kuma kasashen AES, musamman Mali da Burkina Faso sun kulla kawance da kasar Rasha.
Wadannan abubuwan sun jawo kasashen waje suna shiga lamarin, wanda hakan zai jawo karin baraka a yankin.
A kwanakin baya Rundunar Sojin Rasha ta kafa Rundunar Afirka, wadda aka assasa domin maye gurbin Rundunar Sojin Wagner wato Russian private military company (PMC), wadda ta kasance tana aiki a Mali da Central African Republic (CAR).
Sama da sojojin Rundunar Afirka guda 100 ne aka turo Burkina Faso a ranar 24 ga Janairun bana, a wani yunkurin kara kulla alakar soji a tsakanin kasashen biyu.
Haka kuma a makon da aka turo sojojin, Sakataren Harkokin Wajen Amurka, Anthony Blinken ya kawo ziyarar aikin kasashen Yammacin Afirka guda uku, (Cape Varde, Cote d'Ivoire da Nijeriya), da kuma Angola ta Kudancin Afirka, a yunkurin fadada harkokin tattalin arziki da tsaro a yankin, a daidai lokacin da ita ma Rasha take kara tura kai a yankin.
Shugabancin ECOWAS
Wannan gasar za ta kara fadada ratar da ke tsakanin kasashen AES da ECOWAS.
Abin da ficewar Mali da Burkina Faso da Nijar daga ECOWAS zai haifar sai nan gaba za a gani.
Jagororin ECOWAS sun bayyana kudirinsu na tattaunawa da kasashen AES, wanda hakan ya nuna akwai yiwuwar samun maslaha.
Sai dai har yanzu ba a tabbatar da gaskiyar kasashen uku ba wajen amincewa da tattaunawar.
Idan har aka samu tsaiko a tattaunawa da kasashen uku, za a samu tsaiko a harkokin kasuwanci, wanda hakan na iya kawo matsalar habaka tattalin arziki da ci gaban yankin.
A nahiyar baki daya kuma, rabuwar kai a tsakanin kasashen ECOWAS zai kawo tsaiko a shirin kasuwanci mara shinge na Afirka wato African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), wanda ya ta'allaka da kokarin kungiyoyin yanki-yanki wajen shiga da fitar da kayayyaki a tsakanin kasashen nahiyar ba tare samun tsaiko ba.
Haka kuma idan aka lura da amfanin kasashen uku wajen yaki da ta'addanci a yankin, ballewarsu daga ECOWAS za ta matukar kawo tsaiko ga kokarin da ake yi a yankin na yaki da masu tada kayar baya.
Akwai bukatar a gyara hanyar da ECOWAS ke bi wajen maslaha a kasashen da aka yi juyin mulk, inda ya fi kamata ta mayar da hankali wajen kakaba takunkumi a kan masu juyin mulkin ba tare da ya wahalar da mutanen kasar baki daya ba.
A nan kusa dai babu tabbacin yaya makomar kasashe ukun za ta kasance musamman ganin an fara gasa tsakaninta da ECOWAS.
Mubarak Aliyu masani ne a kan siyasa da tsaro musamman a yankin Yammacin Afirka da yankin Sahel.
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